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The piccolo〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Piccolo )〕 ((:ˈpikkolo); Italian for "small", but named ''ottavino'' in Italy)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Piccolo )〕 is a half-size flute, and a member of the woodwind family of musical instruments. The modern piccolo has most of the same fingerings as its larger sibling, the standard transverse flute,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Transverse flute )〕 but the sound it produces is an octave higher than written. This gave rise to the name ''ottavino'' (Italian for "little octave"), the name by which the instrument is referred to in the scores of Italian composers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= The Names of Instruments and Voices in English, French, German, Italian, Russian1, and Spanish )〕 Piccolos are now only manufactured in the key of C ; however, they were once also available in D. It was for this D piccolo that John Philip Sousa wrote the famous solo in the final repeat of the closing section (trio) of his march "The Stars and Stripes Forever". In the orchestral setting, the piccolo player is often designated as "piccolo/flute III", or even "assistant principal". The larger orchestras have designated this position as a solo position due to the demands of the literature. Piccolos are often orchestrated to double (play together with) the violins or the flutes, adding sparkle and brilliance to the overall sound because of the aforementioned one-octave transposition upwards. In concert band settings, the piccolo is almost always used and a piccolo part is almost always available. The first known use of the word piccolo was c. 1854,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Piccolo )〕 though the English were using the term already at least thirteen years earlier.〔J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner (eds.), "piccolo, n.2", ''Oxford English Dictionary'', second edition. 20 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. ISBN 0198611862. Citing the ''Times'', 6 January 1841.〕 ==Traditional use== Historically, the piccolo had no keys, and should not be confused with the fife, which has a smaller bore and is therefore more strident. The piccolo is used in conjunction with marching drums in traditional formations at the Carnival of Basel, Switzerland. It is a myth that one of the earliest pieces to use the piccolo was Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, premiered in December 1808. Although neither Joseph Haydn nor Mozart used it in their symphonies, some of their contemporaries did, including Hoffmeister, Süssmayr and Michael Haydn. Also, Mozart used the piccolo in his opera Idomeneo. Opera orchestras in Paris sometimes included small transverse flutes at the octave as early as 1735 as existing scores by Rameau show. Although once made of various kinds of wood, glass or ivory, piccolos today are made from a range of materials, including plastic, resin, brass, nickel silver, silver, and a variety of hardwoods, most commonly grenadilla. Finely made piccolos are often available with a variety of options similar to the flute, such as the split-E mechanism. Most piccolos have a conical body with a cylindrical head, which is like the Baroque flute and later flutes before the popularization of the Boehm bore used in modern flutes. Unlike other woodwind instruments, in most wooden piccolos the tenon joint connecting the head to the body has two interference fit points which surround both the cork and metal side of the piccolo body joint. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Piccolo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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